World Congress on Surgeons November 22-23, 2018 Bucharest, Romania

Human tissues due to their innate natural process often react to the injury than the predictable level. So, the principles of optimal wound healing have commonly developed. This mechanism of regeneration of skin after the surgical procedure has been the basic principles of surgery. The principles of surgery include patient assessment, screening for the diseases, surgical planning, maintaining homeostasis and wound healing.

Surgical instruments production has become one of the growing revolutionary business due to the rapid growth and the advancement in the field of surgery. There are wide varieties of instruments used for the surgery they include cutting instruments like scalpels, Grasping or holding instruments, Haemostatic instruments and many others including ultrasonic cavitation device. Surgical instrumentation is one of the important topics in biomedical sciences. Surgical technologists play the vital role in the handling of the surgical instruments.

A radiopharmaceutical is a medicine that can be used as a diagnosis and for therapeutic purposes. This is also a special class of drug and combination of a radioactive molecule that has radioactivity. Radiopharmaceuticals consist of a radioactive isotope. Radioisotopes bind to biological molecules capable of targeting organs, tissues or specific cells of the human body. These radioactive drugs can be used for diagnosis and, increasingly, for the therapy of diseases.

The representation of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical practice is increasing rapidly, which provides the medical association to have a greater way to detailed knowledge and information on the characteristics of various kinds of tumors.

Several properties of the ideal pharmaceutical product:

• High objective: non-objective acceptance ratio
• Easy and cheap to produce
• Not Toxic
• Does not alter the physiology to give an accurate description of the patient's physiology

The main intent of the surgical procedure is to use the operative manual or instrumental technique over the patients to treat the conditions such as diseases or injury or in some cases to improve the bodily conditions of the patients in rare cases even to remove the unwanted ruptured areas. The entire surgical procedures can be done in three stages they include pre-operative care, surgical procedures and the post-operative care. Mainly in the post-operative care patients entire wound healing procedures and the nutritional requirements are commonly met.

General Surgery is a discipline that requires all the preoperative, postoperative management of patients from all the disciplines. Usually, General Surgeons are competent in diagnosis, treatment and operative intervention. General Surgery includes all the areas of Pain Management, patient safety, and perioperative nursing. A renowned general surgeon provides care for patients from all the areas like obstetrics and gynecology, urology, and hand surgery. Surgeries related to the endocrine system can also be included in the general surgery.

Digestive system surgery, or gastrointestinal surgery, can be divided into TWO GROUPS namely, upper gastrointestinal tract surgery and lower Gastrointestinal tract surgery. The surgical treatment of diseases of the gallbladder (bile ducts), liver, Biliary and hepatobiliary system and esophagus, stomach and small bowel (upper gastrointestinal tract) is done under the guidance of the general surgeon who has an Enlighted interest in upper gastrointestinal surgery. This weight reduction method of absorption of calories and nutrients is called "malabsorptive” technique. Generally, Stomach stapling and Roux-en-Y are typically done during the same surgery and together are called a "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass."

The most usual type of heart surgery for adults is coronary artery bypass grafting. During CABG, a healthy artery or vein from the body is connected, or grafted, to a blocked coronary (heart) artery. Conventional heart surgery is often called as open-heart surgery and is done by exposing the chest wall to operate on the heart. The surgeon cuts through the patient's breastbone to open the chest. Once the heart is exposed, the patient is connected to a heart-lung bypass machine. The machine takes over the heart’s action and takes blood away from the heart. This allows the surgeon to operate on a heart that isn't beating and that doesn't circulate the blood.

Gynecological surgery generally includes all surgery performed to the female reproductive system which mainly includes oncology, urogynecology, fetal surgery, infertility, and incontinence. They generally include treatment of disorders in adnexa, uterus, fallopian tubules, vagina and vulva. When medication and non-invasive procedures are unable to relieve symptoms, surgery remains the accepted and most effective treatment for a range of gynecologic conditions. Gynecological surgery for fibroids, ovarian cysts generally requires the monitoring of the specialist in the field of gynecology.

Vascular surgery mainly deals with the treatment of problems in vascular systems, arteries, veins and other lymphatic circulation vessels using the medical therapy, catheters or by means of surgical reconstruction. A vascular surgeon performs far more than surgery. They make sure patients with vascular health issues know and understand all their options. In short, vascular surgeons can do surgery, but they try to see and treat many patients who do not require surgery. Blood vessels - arteries carrying oxygen-rich blood and veins carrying blood back to the heart -- are the important roadways of your circulatory system. Without free-flowing blood, your body cannot function. Conditions such as hardening of the arteries can create “traffic jams” in your circulatory system, the vascular surgeon generally takes care of it.

Neurosurgery or neurological surgery is the medical facilities worried about the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which influence any segment of the sensory system including the cerebrum, spinal rope, fringe nerves, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery is regularly conversationally alluded to as "Brain surgery". However, neurosurgeons frequently work on the spinal cord and peripheral sensory system too. General neurosurgery includes neurosurgical conditions such as neurotrauma and other neuro-emergencies such as intracranial hemorrhage etc.

Orthopaedic surgery or orthopaedics is the term mainly concerned with the treatment of diseases and unexpected damages happening in the musculoskeletal system. Orthopaedic surgeons generally include the treatment of joints, bones and their associated structures that enable the movement of ligaments, tendons, muscles and other parts connected with musculoskeletal system. Trauma and the orthopaedic Surgeries are always corelated and are abbreviated as T & O Surgery.

Transplantation is the replacement of a diseased organ with a healthy one. Evolution of complex surgical techniques for replacement of a wide variety of organs and tissues. Today, transplant operations are fairly routine procedures. The impact of successful transplantation on the lives of recipients is immense and extremely gratifying for those involved in their care. The important parameters of the transplantation surgeries are the allograft rejection, immune suppression, histocompatibility matching, organ donation and preservation. Cosmetic surgery is a type of plastic surgery that targets to improve a person's external appearance, but it should be approached with caution  

The Trauma Care among alternate branches of Surgery tends to the wide region of trauma patients hospitalized and facilitates the care of surgical subspecialists alongside giving essential damage administration. This administration is principally in charge of an extensive variety of wounds, including harms to the neck, chest, abdomen, furthest points and delicate tissue, and injuries to the vascular tissue. The administration additionally looks after patients giving surgical crises other than injury. The administration oversees patients in both the emergency unit on the ward and has broad mastery in the field of surgical basic care.          

Most of the dental procedures require a very specific set of dental skills and comes into a branch of dentistry called oral surgery. Oral and maxillofacial surgeries are collectively called as the dentistry. The simple and the most common dental surgery steps include the root canal treatment for the treatment of tooth decay or extreme conditions of cavities      

Eye surgery, otherwise called as the ocular surgery, is the surgery performed on the eye or its associated parts, by an ophthalmologist. The eye is a fragile organ, and requires delicate care previously, amid, and after a surgical strategy. A specialist eye surgeon is in charge of choosing the proper surgical technique for the patient, and for taking the fundamental security safeguards. Cataract removal is the usual ophthalmic surgical operation. The work of the ophthalmologists involves the diagnosis and management of diseases of the cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, and eyelids, including corneal dystrophies, microbial infections, conjunctival and corneal tumors, inflammatory processes and anterior ocular manifestations of systemic diseases.

Pediatric Surgery is one of the prominent field among the surgery and it is of gaining great importance. Pediatric surgery involves the surgery performed in the fetuses, infants, children and adolescents. Pediatric surgery sometimes requires the treatment of birth defects with novel techniques and it became more common in the children specialty hospitals. Common pediatric surgery includes separation of the conjoined twins, childhood tumors, chest wall deformities and many other. The major classification of the pediatric surgery can be neonatal and fetal surgery.

Surgical oncology is the branch of science that deals with the various surgical procedures to treat tumors at all parts of the body. The surgical procedure is suggested for the victims based on the type, size, location, grade and stage of the tumor. Mostly the surgical procedures are carried out along with the chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other techniques. Advanced surgical recovery programs are usually assigned to the victims to avoid the side effects of the surgery

Otolaryngologist or ENT specialist are the medical professionals who generally deal with the ear nose and the throat disorders. Otolaryngologists diagnose and treat diseases of the ears, nose, sinuses, larynx (voice box), mouth, and throat, as well as structures of the neck and face. Otolaryngologists do not need to send victims to other physicians when ear, nose, throat, or head/neck surgery is needed and, therefore, can offer the most accurate care for each suffering patients.

 Now a days surgery becomes  less painful for patients and allows them to get back to normal life faster than traditional surgery. This is due to the tremendous improvement in the field of surgeries. The pain of surgery was a crucial factor. A doctor could only operate for the length of time a patient could endure. The introduction of anesthesia opened the door for a host of new procedures.so growth in surgery always comes in hand with the introduction of effective anesthesia. Laproscopic technique and image guided radiation therapy is one of the tremendous development in the field of surgery.

Perioperative (surgical) nursing is a dynamic and testing field that offers numerous open doors for increasing proficient information in the field of surgery. Perioperative nursing incorporates checking care previously, amid, and directly after surgical and demonstrative methodology. Perioperative attendants are otherwise called Surgical or Operating Room medical caretakers. They give pre-and post-medical activity to casualties in the recuperation room and give post-surgical care on restorative surgical units. They are generally more than a medical nurse and less than a surgeon.