Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Barış Cankaya
Marmara University Pendik Training Hospital, Turkey
Keynote: The role of the anesthesiologist in the perioperative period for patient safety
Time : 09:00
Biography:
Baris Canaya is an Anesthesiologist at Marmara University Pendik Training Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. He has deep interest for resuscitation, acute critical illness, trauma anesthesia, pediatric congenital cardiovascular anesthesia and perioperative patient safety.
Abstract:
Aim: The aim of this abstract is to focus on the role of the anesthesiologist in perioperative period regarding patient safety.
Method: More than 100 studies published in 10 years are viewed to discuss on this topic selected from pubmed between years 2000 and 2019.
Discussion: It is not long before that patient safety during surgery had attention. Health providers have detailed monitoring tools with the help of developing technology, but on the other hand matching large data lead to confusion. Perioperative period is a dynamic process and it needs re-evaluation, fast interpretation, documentation and awareness. The quality of the interaction between the surgery and anesthesia teams makes a good impact on patients’ outcome. There has been adopted many terminologies as wrong-patient surgery, wrong-side surgery, wrong-level surgery. These are some of the reasons contributing to medical errors: Multiple surgeons’ involvement in the case, multiple interventions during a single surgery and patient characteristics as morbid obesity. There are some useful solutions: Culture of safety, medication safety, awareness for hospital acquired infections and solving communication errors.
Conclusion: Perioperative patient safety is a team work, collaboration and adopting new technologies will enhance perioperative safety of patients.
Keywords: patient safety, perioperative, anaesthesiologist
Keynote Forum
Rani Kanthan
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Keynote: Mixed tumors of the colon and rectum: A review
Time : 09:35
Biography:
Rani Kanthan is a Consultant Anatomical Pathologist in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan with a focused interest in surgical oncology including breast and gastrointestinal tract. She has published 130 peer reviewed manuscripts that are indexed in PubMed/Google Scholar and serves as an Editorial Board Member in various journals. She is an active Medical Educator and continues to participate and present at various national and international meetings with more than 145 conference abstract presentations to her credit.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world with a projected expected increase of the global burden of disease by 60%. Of these the majority up to 70% arise in the colon and 30% in the rectum. Though stage dependent, the overall survival rate is around 67% and this often relates to the usual adenocarcinoma encountered in the colon and rectum. Mixed tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that have an exocrine component-adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine component are poorly understood lesions and therefore challenging for interdisciplinary therapy. Though they were known to exist since 1924 it was only officially endorsed by the WHO in 2000 who defined mixed exocrine-endocrine tumors consisting of both components with at least 30% representation of each component. This has been further refined in the 2010 WHO classification. The history and evolution of these tumors to its current state with proposed histogenesis will be discussed. The importance of expertise in gastrointestinal pathology for accurate recognition of these tumors and the use of ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemical stains will be addressed together with detailed relevant surgical pathology. Multidisciplinary management of these tumors is imperative for success and treatment strategies that include incorporating the use of cisplatin and etopsid in the management of these rare colorectal carcinomas will be deliberated.
Keynote Forum
Elena Orsenigo
San Raffaele Hospital, Italy
Keynote: Clinicopathological features and disease outcome of complicated gastric cancer with outlet obstruction, perforation or overt bleeding
Biography:
Elena Orsenigo is a General Surgeon with more than 30 years of experience as well as broad medical experience. She has excellent bedside manner and patient communication skills developed through more than three decades of combined schooling and teaching experience. She is the Chief of Minimally Invasive Surgery at San Raffaele Hospital, lead and assist in a variety of surgical procedures to address injuries, inflammatory and oncological diseases, communicate with patients and other medical professionals to create a treatment plan that includes preoperative preparations, surgical protocols and postoperative care and also prepare reports and other forms of documentation to keep patient charts updated around the clock during pre- and post-surgical hospital stays. She is also a Professor of Surgery and author of 88 paper published on PubMed.
Abstract:
A diagnosis of cancer following a complicated presentation is associated with poorer clinical and patient-reported outcomes. These inferior outcomes include the less-frequent use of treatments with a curative intent, well-established associations between emergency or urgent presentation and inferior survival and worse quality of life and patient experience than those diagnosed with cancer through other routes. Outlet obstruction, perforation and overt bleeding are ominous complications of gastric cancer. Gastric outlet obstruction was described by Sir, James Walton as “The stomach you can hear, the stomach you can feel and the stomach you can see”. Gastric outlet obstruction implies complete or incomplete obstruction of the distal stomach, pylorus or proximal duodenum. Once a mechanical obstruction is confirmed, the problem is to differentiate between benign and malignant processes because definitive treatment is based on recognition of the specific underlying cause. The most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in adults is gastric cancer (63%) and the remaining 37% are due to benign disease. Surgeons should have to take into consideration that repeated vomiting in these patients causes nutritional deficiencies and occurs with marked dilatation and edematous thickening of the gastric wall. Nutritional deficiency has been regarded as a significant risk factor for postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery. Gastric carcinoma with pyloric stenosis, the main source of malignant gastric outlet obstruction, is usually far advanced and the significance of surgical treatment for such conditions has been given little attention in the literature. Perforated gastric is rare, accounting for 0.3-3% of gastric cancer cases. Only one third of cases of perforated gastric cancer are diagnosed preoperatively. Gastric cancer bleeding accounts for 58% of the bleeding cases resulting from upper gastrointestinal malignancies. The effects of obstruction, perforation and overt bleeding and the possible simultaneous effects of these conditions on the outcome of gastric carcinoma are difficult to determine because the definitions of these conditions used in previous studies were either imprecise or not stated. Given this lack of clarity about the entities of outlet obstruction, perforation and overt bleeding in gastric cancer it is not surprising that the impact of these conditions on outcome remains unclear. The goal is define the impact of complicated gastric cancer on the clinical outcome of the patients.
- Applications of Surgery | Cardiac Surgery| Digestive Tract Surgery| General Surgery | Growth in Surgery and Anesthesiology| Orthopaedic Surgery| Otolaryngology | Surgical Instruments | Surgical Nursing | Surgical Oncology | Transplantation Surgery | Trauma Care Surgery | Vascular Surgery | Laparoscopic surgery | Vascular neurosurgery | Laser surgery | Surgical diagnosis
Location: Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel | Istanbul, Turkey
Chair
Carlo Staudacher
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
Session Introduction
Selliah Kanthan
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Title: An update in the management of rectal cancer
Biography:
Selliah Kanthan is a Professor in the Division of General Surgery at the College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. He is a General Surgery Consultant with a focused interest in colorectal surgery. He has published more than 75 peer reviewed manuscripts that are indexed in PubMed/Google Scholar and serves as an Editorial Board Member in various journals. He is an active Clinician Teacher and continues to participate and present at various national and international meetings with more than 100 conference abstract presentations to his credit.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world with a projected global increased trend of disease by 60% over the next few decades. 70% of these arise in the colon and 30% in the rectum. Th e vast majority of these are adenocarcinomas. Primary rectal squamous cell carcinomas, which are very rare, can be diffi cult to distinguish from anal cancers and are treated according to the same approach as anal cancer, with initial chemoradiotherapy (radiotherapy with concurrent fl uoropyrimidine chemotherapy) rather than surgery. Th e optimal approach to treating rectal adenocarcinoma depends on a number of factors, of which the location in the rectum and the extent of local disease are key determinants. For some patients with limited invasive cancer in a polyp who have no adverse features, polypectomy alone may suffi ce. For others, who have locally extensive, fi xed, bulky tumors or extensive nodal disease, induction chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy may be pursued. An algorithmic approach to treating rectal cancer that is based on the pretreatment clinical staging evaluation for rectal cancer. will be presented. Th e role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for potentially resectable adenocarcinomas, adjuvant therapy aft er resection of primary rectal adenocarcinoma, staging and the staging workup, pretreatment local staging evaluation, surgical principles, and recommendations for posttreatment surveillance will be discussed. Recent advances in rectal cancer including no surgery, minimal surgery or minimally invasive surgery will also be explored as newer options in selected patients with rectal cancer.
Khayria Hamid Tahir
Batterjee Medical College, Saudi Arabia
Title: Enhanced recovery after surgery: A review and meta-analysis
Biography:
Khayria Hamid Tahir has completed MBBS from Batterjee Medical College in Saudi Arabia and procedeed to take her Internship at Saudi German Hospital Group Jeddah branch. During her internship she took her electives in General Surgery and Cardiology.
Abstract:
ERAS is the acronym for “Enhanced Recovery Aft er Surgery”, this term is used to describe a set of multimodal interventions that improve post-operative outcomes through reducing complications and accelerates recovery. Th is article gives a brief history and defi nition of ERAS in addition to discussing how ERAS works in improving postoperative outcomes and steps included in the protocol. Furthermore, this paper uses systemic review and meta-analysis methods by collecting and comparing diff erent studies conducted internationally to determine the eff ectiveness of the protocol and whether it should be applied as a measure to optimize operative outcome in Saudi Arabia. Th e article also displays results of seven studies comparing ERAS groups to traditional perioperative care groups in complications, length of stay, reoperation, readmission and total hospital costs.
Gaurav Jalendra
SMS Medical College, India
Title: Comparison of extraperitoneal dissection in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by balloon dissection and plain telescopic dissection
Biography:
Gaurav Jalendra is a currently a General Surgery Resident at SMS Medical College, Rajasthan, India. He has completed his MBBS from Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan. He has published one case report to his credit.
Abstract:
Aims: Inguinal hernia is among the most common entity encountered in surgical OPD and in the era of minimal invasive surgery Total Extraperitoneal Repair (TEP) is procedure of choice. In this study we are comparing extraperitoneal dissection by plain telescopic and balloon dissection in terms of complications (intraoperative and postoperative including post-op pain and recurrence) and duration of hospital stay. Methods: 50 cases of inguinal hernia, suitable for laparoscopic procedure, were randomly allocated into two groups, 25 in each, Group-A (Balloon dissection) and Group-B (Plain telescopic dissection) aft er obtaining written informed consent. Glove fi nger was used as balloon for dissection in Group-A. Intraoperative, postoperative complications, operative time and hospital stay were documented and patients were followedup for a year for recurrence. Results: Group-A had 24 males and 1 female with mean age of 55.4 years and Group-B had 23 males and 2 females with mean age of 57.2 years. 55% of inguinal hernia were bilateral. Peritoneal breach was noted in 10 patients in Group-A and 16 patients in Group-B. Two cases were converted in TAPP in Group-B. Postoperative complications like pain, which was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 6 hour post-op had mean value of 2.7 for Group-A and 4.1 for Group-B, Scrotal edema (16% in Group-A and 24% in Group-B) and seroma (12% in Group-A and 56% in Group-B). Mean operative time was 1.68 hours in Group-A and 1.40 hours in Group-B. Conclusion: Aft er meticulous data analysis we found that balloon dissection has lesser rate of complications both intra and postoperatively, while there was no signifi cant diff erence in hospital stay. Th e operative duration was slightly higher in Group-A. Th us we conclude that balloon dissection in TEP is better approach than plain telescopic dissection.
Chryssa Neo
University of Edinburgh, UK
Title: Iliac artery aneurysm: The complexities of identifi cation and diagnosis, a case report
Biography:
Chryssa Wei Yin Neo is currently pursuing MSc in Surgical Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, UK
Abstract:
Aneurysm of the iliac arteries, especially of the internal iliac artery is rare. Clinically, patients like these pose a challenge to clinicians. Th ey can mimic other more common pathologies due to the site of pain and clinical parameters at presentation. We have described a case of a 75-year-old man who presented overnight with collapse and back pain radiating to left iliac fossa. As a small district general hospital, one of the main limitations compared to those of larger tertiary centres, is the access to on-call specialist services including that of radiology. He was fi rst treated as intra-abdominal sepsis, however, following unsuccessful fl uid resuscitation, an urgent CT scan was requested, which revealed an actively leaking left internal iliac aneurysm with a large retroperitoneal haematoma. Th is case highlights the importance of the diagnostic uncertainty to identify vascular lesions as it may require a diff erent approach in terms of management plan.
Syed Ghazanfar Imam
SMS Medical College, India
Title: Our experience of total laparoscopic hydatid cyst management: A study of 10 cases
Biography:
Syed Ghazanfar Imam is a Budding Surgeon and alumni of LLRM Medical College, Meerut, India. He has worked in Department of Forensic Medicine and Biochemistry as a Junior Resident in AIIMS Delhi. He is currently doing his Residency in General Surgery from SMS Medical College, India. He is a proactive and high performing professional with expertise in ICU management, trauma, critical care, tetanus and emergency surgeries. He has one publication to his credit.
Abstract:
Aim: In the era of minimal invasive surgery, we share our experience of 10 hydatid cyst cases, which was laparoscopically managed irrespective of the involved primary organ like liver, spleen, kidney and lung. Methods: All the patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst were consented and included in our study randomly. USG and CT scan was performed in every patient for pre-operative workup along with routine blood investigations. Demographic data, operative time, intra-operative complications, duration of hospital stay and post-operative complications were recorded. Results: 10 patients underwent laparoscopic hydatid cyst drainage with deroofi ng and marsupialization of cyst, there were 6 female and 4 male patients with mean age of 30 years. Th e mean operative time was about 45 minutes, post-operatively there were fewer complications which was managed successfully and mean hospital stay duration about 5 days. Conclusion: To conclude the hydatid cyst management reveals excellent with laparoscopic management with better outcome.
Alistair Moore Littlewood
University of Glasgow, UK
Title: Bipartite patella fracture with quadriceps tendon rupture
Biography:
Alistair Moore Littlewood is a Foundation Year 2 Doctor currently working in Glasgow, Scotland in the Emergency Department. He has graduated from the University of Exeter in 2018 with a Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery degree. He is currently undertaking a Diploma in Expedition Medicine and has an active interest in orthopedic surgery.
Abstract:
A 55-year-old-man presented to the Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infi rmary with right knee pain aft er falling from a swing. X-rays showed a separated bipartite patellar but with persistent pain and swelling, clinical suspicion was raised for an additional quadriceps tendon rupture. Subsequent ultrasound imaging confi rmed this and the patellar and tendon rupture was repaired without complication. Aft er searching the literature, we only found 6 reported cases of combined bipartite patellar fracture along with a ruptured quadriceps tendon. Th is case highlights the diagnostic uncertainty attributed to patients such as these and the importance of a good clinical approach to accurately guide treatment.
Shahzad Ahmed
Royal Oldham Hospital, United Kingdom
Title: Laparoscopic vs. open inguinal hernia repair: Is laparoscopic actually quicker?
Biography:
Abstract:
Aim: Laparoscopic unilateral inguinal hernia repair is perceived to have longer operating times. However, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is known to be equally safe and more effi cient when compared to open repair in short term outcomes. We evaluated the procedure times in Royal Oldham Hospital. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively maintained data on the Operating Room Management Information System (ORMIS) looking at the operating times for both laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and open repair of unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernia repair. We looked at the operations between 2014 and 2019 done by four surgeons who each had more than 5 years of laparoscopic experience, performing more than 40 hernia repairs each year. Data included total 308 procedures, 172 TAPP (55.8%) of which 133 unilateral (77%) and 136 open repairs (44.2%) of which 126 unilateral (96%). Results: Average time for unilateral TAPP was 44.08 minutes ranging from 25 to 106 minutes compared with 54 minutes for open repair ranging from 23 to 103 minutes. Conclusion: Our study shows TAPP repair is on average quicker than open repair. We can say that aft er passing the learning curve of laparoscopic surgery, it becomes signifi cantly quicker than open repair.
Ashfaq Ahmed
Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Pakistan
Title: Use of retrograde sign nail in ankle arthrodesis: Is it implant of choice? A series of 100 cases at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Biography:
Ashfaq Ahmed did his Bachelor in Medicine and Surgery at age of 22 years from Khyber Medical University, Pakistan. Then He did Master in Public Health From Sarhad Universty ,Pakistan. After that he did FCPS in Orthopedics and Spine Surgery from College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan. At 2018. Currently he is working as a Senior Registrar at Ghurki Hospital, Pakistan as well as Fellowship in Spine Surgery. He is also running Research Department at his own Hospital. He has attended multiple national as well as International Conferences and presented papers. He has published upto now 48 papers at National and International Papers. During his bachelor degree ,He was awarded multiple Gold medals during his student life.
Abstract:
Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a salvage and procedure of choice for hindfoot problems that aff ect both the ankle and subtalar joints. Th e indications for this surgery are arthritis, neglected ankle trauma, osteonecrosis of the talus, severe mal-alignment deformities and signifi cant hindfoot bone loss. Objective: To determine the clinical and radiological outcome of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with retrograde intramedullary sign nail in patients with tibiotalar and subtalar joint pathologies. Materials & Methods: It was descriptive case study on 100 patients from September 2012 to December 2016 admitted either through OPD or Emergency at Orthopedics Unit of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore. Aft er taking detailed history, clinical examination and investigations, the patients underwent ankle arthrodesis using retrograde sign nail under image control. Patients were discharged on 2nd or 3rd post-operative day and followed in Out Patient Department. Splint was advised for 2-3 weeks and non-weight bearing for 6 weeks. Radiographs were done on follow up visit to assess the alignment and later to assess healing. Patients were allowed weight bearing aft er 6 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed in the form of radiological bony union, AOFAS score, patient satisfaction score and post-operative complications related to the procedure. Data were initially entered on preformed pro forma and later on SPSS 17.0 version were used for data analysis. Results: Th ere were 100 patients who underwent arthrodesis and fi xation. Th ere were 82% male and 18% female with mean age of 41.5±4.5 years. Th e patients who need this procedure having diff erent pathologies; among them 23 having rheumotoid arthritis, 59 were post-traumatic, 11 having degenerative osteoarthritis and 7 having neuropathic pathology. Aft er 12 months radiological union were found in 91 patients (91%), non-union in 4 patients (4.0%) and 5 patients were lost in follow up. Pain improves in all 91 (91%) patients who having radiological union and were fully satisfi ed with the procedure. Among 4 patients with non-union, 3 patients having wound infection and they need revision surgery. Mean follow up time was 4.5 months (2-7 months). 90% of the patients achieved radiological bony union at last follow up. Th e mean improvement in the AOFAS score was 73 and visual analogue score were 88±5. Conclusion: Arthrodesis is an end stage procedure should be considered only aft er all conservative treatments fails. Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with retrograde nailing and bone graft ing is a successful salvage procedure in severe ankle and hindfoot arthrosis with deformity. Patient satisfaction rate is high, though infection is major problem and precautions should be taken to reduce its incidence.
Mohd Abdul Hadi Mohd Anuar
University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
Title: Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in post elective colorectal cancer surgery patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Biography:
Mohd Abdul Hadi Mohd Anuar is currently pursuing Masters of General Surgery in University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. He has completed MBBS degree in University of Malaya in the year 2011 and has been working as Surgical Trainee for 6 years.
Abstract:
Overall incidence rate for colorectal cancer was 21.3 cases per 100,000 population and venous thromboembolism occurs in 100/100,000 population/year. Abdominal and pelvic malignancy surgery and prolonged immobilization aft er surgery further increase risk for DVT. Colorectal cancer patients going for a curative surgery are categorized in a moderate risk group to develop DVT. Today, DVT prophylaxis has proven signifi cant reduction of surgery related DVT risk and its complications. Early mobilization aft er surgery in modern practice has proven to reduce risk of DVT, resulting in shorter hospitalization. Suffi cient data is not available for this group of patients in Malaysia. Th is single centre, non-randomized cohort study was designed to evaluate the incidence of DVT in colorectal cancer surgery patients receiving shorter duration of DVT prophylaxis as a result of shorter average length of hospital stay. 57 patients were recruited and 1 excluded from the study. Only 1 (1.8%) patient was diagnosed with symptomatic DVT at day 7 post-operation despite receiving standard local practice of DVT prophylaxis and none were diagnosed with asymptomatic DVT. No relation between shorter duration of DVT prophylaxis as a result of shorter hospital stay with risk of developing DVT was seen within the study period. Hence, early mobilization and return to pre-morbid activities are essential in preventing DVT for these patients.
Biography:
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Endotracheal intubation is one of the basic prerequisites of general anesthesia. Recovery of patients is delayed due to the development of post-operative nausea, vomiting, sore throat and shivering. Th is study was conducted to determine role of dexamethasone for improved recovery of patients. Methods: Th is randomized controlled trial was performed in the Department of Anesthesia, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from June to November 2018. 112 consenting patients of both genders, aged between 18 to 60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II, scheduled for general surgeries of 60 minutes to 180 minutes duration under general anesthesia were included. Patients with long duration surgeries, anticipated diffi cult airways, nasogastric tube in situ, upper respiratory tract infections, on steroid therapy and critically ill and emergency surgeries were excluded. Th ey were randomly allocated into two groups by lottery method as dexamethasone (Group-A, n=61) or Placebo (Group-B, n=61). Post-operative nausea, vomiting, sore throat were observed at 2, 12 and 24 hours, shivering was observed at 2 hours only and patient satisfaction at 24 hours post-operatively. Results: Group-A patients had statistically proven better outcomes at 2, 12 and 24 hours for post-operative sore throat, nausea and vomiting, shivering was controlled in 24.5% p-value (0.006). Patient satisfaction was found in 83.6% of Group-A patients. Conclusion: Th us dexamethasone is eff ective drug for prevention of postoperative nausea, vomiting, sore throat and shivering in general surgical procedures thus improving patient satisfaction and their early discharge.
Ashfaq Ahmed
Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Pakistan
Title: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the scoliotic patients before spinal instrumentation and fusion: A prospective study in tertiary care hospital
Biography:
Ashfaq Ahmed did his Bachelor in Medicine and Surgery at age of 22 years from Khyber Medical University, Pakistan. Then He did Master in Public Health From Sarhad Universty ,Pakistan. After that he did FCPS in Orthopedics and Spine Surgery from College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan. At 2018. Currently he is working as a Senior Registrar at Ghurki Hospital, Pakistan as well as Fellowship in Spine Surgery. He is also running Research Department at his own Hospital. He has attended multiple national as well as International Conferences and presented papers. He has published upto now 48 papers at National and International Papers. During his bachelor degree ,He was awarded multiple Gold medals during his student life.
Abstract:
Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging is necessary pre-operatively to assess the prevalence of structural and functional abnormalities within the spinal cord in patients with scoliosis. Th ere is no consensus on the use of MRI in these patients pre-operatively. MRI, echocardiography and ultrasound should be a part of routine evaluation in all these patients before surgery, no matter positive clinical fi ndings were found or not. Objective: Th e main objective of this study was to analyze the occult spinal pathologies associated with diff erent types of scoliosis. Methodology: Th is was a prospective study include 89 patients who was diagnosed as a case of scoliosis and were planned for scoliosis surgery from January 2015 to December 2018 aft er Hospital Ethical Committee approval and written informed consent from the patients. Th e patients who were unfi t for surgery or managed conservatively were excluded from the study. All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively. Th e MRI fi ndings of these patients were initially recorded on a pre formed pro forma and then analyzed using SPSS 21.0 version. Results: Th ere were 29 (33.37%) males and 58 (66.67%) females with male to female ratio of 0.5:1 and with mean age of 14.54±2.34 years. Th ere were 56 (64.4%) idiopathic and 31 (35.6%) congenital scoliosis. Among diff erent pathologies, 4 (04.59%) patients were having diastomyelia, tethered cord in 2 (2.29%) patients, syringomyelia in 10 (11.49%) and Chiari malformations in 2 (2.29%) patients; no patients having diplomyelia and lipoma, dural defects in 2 (2.29%), conus 9 (10.34%) and 1 (1.15%) foramen magnum compression. Among other rare anomalies, hydromyelia was found in 3 (3.44 %), tonsillar ectopia in 2 (2.29%) and OS odontoideum in 1 (1.14%). Only 5 (5.74%) of patients having neurology involved while having neurology intact. Conclusion: Patients with scoliosis having diff erent pathologies that cannot be determined on examination and X-rays. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging is essential to determine these diff erent types of pathologies found in these patients before undergoing any surgical intervention.